Growing Olives Background

Growing Olives

Growing

Olive trees are easy to grow.

Olives are a delightful addition to any garden, and surprisingly, they're quite easy to grow. These hardy trees thrive in various climates, making them adaptable to different environments. They're relatively low-maintenance, requiring minimal watering once established. Olives are resilient to pests and diseases, making them an ideal choice for novice gardeners. Their ability to withstand drought conditions and poor soil quality further enhances their ease of cultivation. With proper care and patience, these trees can yield abundant harvests, providing a sense of accomplishment and a delicious reward for gardeners of all levels of expertise.

Planting

Plant in full sun and away from paved areas to avoid stains from fallen ripe fruit.

There are many factors to consider when selecting the planting location. Olives thrive in hot, dry summers, but also grow in coastal regions. Olives grow well in well drained soil where winter temperatures do not drop below 22°-25°F (green fruit will be damaged at 32°F). Conversely, average winter temperatures above 50°F will inhibit fruiting.   Hot dry winds can damage flowers and cause immature fruit to drop. Plant in full sun and away from paved areas to avoid stains from fallen ripe fruit. Pollinator trees will increase yields, so for serious harvest, plant more than one variety. 

Watering

In California, monthly deep watering of trees is adequate, once trees are established.

Because of the small tough leaves and slow transpiration rate of olive trees, they can survive extended dry periods.  Generally, ensure that your olive trees receive a deep watering once every 7-10 days during dry spells, providing enough moisture to reach the tree's root zone. However, monitor the soil moisture to avoid overwatering, which can lead to root rot. To determine when to water, check the top few inches of soil; if it feels dry, it's time to water. Applying water slowly near the tree's base helps it penetrate deeply. Mulching around the tree can aid in moisture retention. Remember, the watering frequency might vary based on climate and soil conditions, so observing the tree's response is key to adjusting the watering schedule for optimal growth.

Pruning

Pruning regulates fruit production and shapes the tree for easier harvest.

Many olive varieties will naturally reach 30 feet in height. Exceptions are Arbequina and Kalamata, which remain smaller. Avoid pruning during the rainy season. Olive trees will tolerate radical pruning, so it is relatively easy to keep them at the desired height. Pruning regulates fruit production and shapes the tree for easier harvest. Fruit is generally borne on the previous year's growth. Many farmers are now using a trellis system for commercial plantings.


Fertilizing with nitrogen from commercial or organic sources is beneficial for fruit production. Farmers apply fertilizer long before flowers form so trees adsorb the nitrogen before fruit set. 

Pest Control

Olive trees have fewer pests than other fruit trees.

Olive trees have fewer pests than other fruit trees. Biological control with natural enemies is preferred over conventional pesticides, because olive oil will adsorb the odor of chemicals. 

Harvest

Olive fruit can be harvested green or later for processing for table olives.

Olive fruit can be harvested green or later for processing for table olives. Oil can be squeezed from freshly picked crushed fruit. Both of these endeavors require equipment, time and a sizeable volume of fruit.